geologia e recursos naturais

Fluvial erosion of the Earth's crust creates valleys ranging from hundreds of meters to a few kilometers wide. The resulting unloading is supported by the flexural rigidity of the continental lithosphere. As a result, the bending of the lithosphere around individual river valleys is usually imperceptible in the landscape, specially in tectonically quiescent environments.

This chapter will discuss exchange processes that control Titan's global chemistry and thus its habitability: e.g., impact cratering, cryovolcanism, degassing. We review the available work constraining the extent of exchange between Titan's ocean and surface. Cassini-Huygens observations provide a better picture of the composition and structure of the ice but do not reveal the extent of its tectonics or overturning, if any. Improved laboratory data are enabling models of the interior structure and overturning, coupled with transport from impacts.

Deep crustal fragments and structural lineaments identified through satellite gravity data provide evidence for the extension of the reworked ancient basement of the Central African Block into the northern São Francisco Craton and southern Borborema Province. Rocks from the São Pedro Terrane and Sobradinho Block, located in the Borborema and São Francisco Craton, respectively, yielded similar U–Pb ages ranging from 2.8 to 1.6 Ga, suggesting a shared crust weakened during the Statherian–Calymmian.

The connection between crustal anatexis and magmatism is key to understanding the mechanisms that drive the evolution of the continental crust. Isotope geology and lithochemistry are important tools for reconstructing links between these processes, as field evidence of their connection is often obliterated by deformation in high-grade terrains.

This study refines the hydrogeological conceptual model of an area with three interconnected aquifers, namely the Crystalline Aquifer System (CAS - igneous and metamorphic rocks), which is in contact with the Tubarão Aquifer System (TAS - sedimentary rocks) and the Diabase Aquifer System (DAS – diabase rocks). The detailed investigation involved geophysical logging and hydraulic and hydrodynamic characterization with straddle packers in a local tubular well, in which groundwater presents high uranium concentrations.

The use of vermifilters for wastewater treatment in rural areas of Latin America and Africa offers an efficient and cost-effective alternative to conventional systems. However, there is a need to identify alternative materials for substrates to support earthworm development in many rural areas. This study aims to evaluate the impact of using Brachiaria sp. as a substrate colonized by earthworms on the efficacy of vermifiltration in treating raw sewage.

Earth’s magnetic field exhibits a dominant dipole morphology. Notwithstanding, significant deviations from the dipole are evident today, particularly the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), characterized by anomalously low-field intensity and high directional variability, diminishing the field’s shielding effect. To assess the persistence of SAA-like features over multimillion-year scales, we combine paleomagnetic data from Trindade Island (20°30’S, 29°22’W) with an evaluation of paleosecular variation (PSV) over the past 10 Myr.

Nova Colinas (NC) is a complex-type impact structure located in the northeast region of Brazil. It was formed in the volcano-sedimentary strata of the Parnaíba Basin, in the northern part of Western Gondwana. With an apparent diameter of approximately 6.5–7 km, its rim exhibits a distinctive magnetic signal, likely associated to basic volcanic rocks from the Mosquito Formation. These rocks present shock deformation, bracketing the maximum age of the impact event to 197 Ma.

The reliability of microplastics (MPs) as chronostratigraphic markers in highly disturbed estuarine environments remains debated. This study investigates the vertical distribution, composition, and weathering of MPs in a sediment core (0–240 cm) from the Santos–Cubatão Estuarine System (SCES), a heavily industrialized tropical estuary in southeastern Brazil. MP analysis (µ-FTIR and SEM-EDS) was integrated with geochemical proxies (Hg, Cd, δ15N) and radiocarbon dating to reconstruct recent depositional history.

Impact cratering plays a major role in shaping the Moon's surface, producing widespread ejecta deposits that archive the sedimentary and morphological imprint of planetary surface processes. Since early 2019, the Chang'e-4 mission has been investigating such deposits within the Von Kármán crater, where materials ejected from the nearby Finsen crater were emplaced across a complex landscape. This setting offers a rare opportunity to study ejecta emplacement directly from the ground.